雕像是立体的艺术，更接近于真实的视觉感受。不论是石雕、竹雕、铜雕、玉雕、木雕、根雕、泥塑等，当它们成为佛造像时，一样熠熠生辉，光彩夺目。在全世界，就单一雕塑对象而言，恐怕没有能够超过佛造像的，这说明佛教同时也助推了艺术形态的发展。——纯道题记

The statue is a three-dimensional art, closer to the real visual experience. No matter is the stone carving, bamboo carving, bronze, jade carving, wood carving, carving, sculpture and so on, when they become Buddha statues, shining, The brightness dazzles the eyes. In the world, as far as a single sculpture object is concerned, I am afraid that it can not surpass Buddha statues. This shows that Buddhism has also promoted the development of art forms. Pure word inscription

各时期传入的有限的印度佛造像如同种子，在各时代、各地域形成不同风格的造像。随着中国佛教文化的成熟，传入中国的印度佛像在中国工匠的手中逐渐脱离原有风格，加入了中国自身的造像形态，建立、发展成独特的中国佛像，在这艺术融汇、交流中，呈现出各时代多姿多彩的鲜明特色。

The limited India Buddha statues imported in different periods are like seeds, forming different styles of statues in different times and regions. With the China Buddhist culture into mature, India China gradually from the original style in Chinese statues of the artisans, joined the China own statues of the establishment and development of a unique shape, the Chinese Buddha, in the integration of art, communication, showing the distinctive characteristics of the era of colorful.

金铜造像是一种三维立体的雕塑艺术，也可以说是一种特殊的人体艺术，不同的只是其面部表情、手印、服饰、坐姿及周围的陪伴物、台座、持物等等而已。因此，可以把一般的鉴定要点归纳为以下六点：一看面相和体形，二看手印与坐姿，三看标识与坐骑，四看细部与装饰，五看材料与质地，六看铭文与题记。

Bronze statues is a three-dimensional sculpture art, but also can be said to be a special kind of human art, differing only in their facial expressions, fingerprints, and clothing, sitting around the accompaniment, pedestal, holding and so on. Therefore, to identify the key points of general summarized as the following six points: a look at the face and body, see two and three see fingerprint posture, identification and mounts, four see details and decorative, five material and texture, six see inscription and inscription.

首先，所谓标识和坐骑、佛像的手印、坐姿都是有定规的，只要仔细观察和对照，就可正确地为一件造像定名，分清是佛还是菩萨，究竟是哪尊佛哪尊菩萨。正确的定名是正确鉴定的前提。

First of all, the logo and mounts, Buddha's fingerprints, sitting there are rules, as long as careful observation and control, we can correct for a statue of Buddha or Bodhisattva is named, distinguish, what what Buddha bodhisattva. Correct naming is the premise of correct identification.

再者，佛像的面相与体型，是鉴定佛像的关键。它包括面部的五官、身材的比例、肌肉的表现、整体的风格等等，哪怕同一朝代的不同时期，也有很大的差异。比如清代康熙、乾隆时期和嘉庆、道光时期的造像，就有着一定的差别。

Moreover, the face and figure of the Buddha are the key to the identification of the buddha. It includes facial features, the proportion of the body, the performance of muscles, the overall style, etc., even in different periods of the same Dynasty, there are great differences. For example, the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, Qian Long period and Jiaqing, Daoguang period statues, there are certain differences.

其后，所谓细部与装饰，可以说是佛像鉴定时非常实用的小窍门。如明代莲花座与清代莲花座上的莲瓣装饰，明代莲瓣精细而长，且瓣与瓣中有小型三角装饰，而清代莲瓣则显得粗壮，瓣与瓣间也无装饰。因此，明清金铜佛像看莲瓣也是一个非常有效的方法。

Since then, the so-called details and decoration, it can be said to be very useful when identifying Buddha tricks. Such as the lotus block in the Ming Dynasty and the lotus petals on the lotus block of the Qing Dynasty, the lotus petals in the Ming Dynasty are fine and long, and there are small triangular decorations in the petals and petals, while the lotus petals in the Qing Dynasty are sturdy, and there is no decoration between the petals and the petals. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the bronze statue of Buddha looked at the lotus petals, and it was also a very effective method.

再有材料与质地，这是鉴定中最为直观的。铜佛像的材料主要有青铜、黄铜和红铜。在鉴定时，要注意不同的时期用铜是不同的。如同样是清代，早、中期是不同的，特别是乾隆时期，因为国力强盛和皇室对佛像的崇奉，这时造的佛像用材料特别好，所以乾隆时期佛像一上手，就有特别沉的感觉，而到晚清的佛像，手感要轻许多。

Again, material and texture, which is the most intuitive identification. Copper Buddha materials include bronze, brass and copper. In the identification, we should pay attention to different periods, using copper is different. Is the same as in the Qing Dynasty, the early and middle is different, especially during the Qian Long period, because of national prosperity and the royal family worship Buddha, then made statues with special material, so during the period of Qian Long Buddha started, was especially heavy feeling, but to the late Qing Dynasty statues, to feel more easily.